how action Potential Generate-MBBS/BHMS/BAMS/B.Pharm/Nursing
Action potentials are nerve signals. Neurons generate and conduct these signals along their processes in order to transmit them to the target tissues.
The resting membrane potential of cells varies depending on the cell type. For neurones, this typically sits between 50 and -75mV. This value depends on the types of ion channels that are open and the concentrations of different ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluids during the resting state. In neurones, K+ and organic anions are typically found at a higher concentration within the cell than outside, whereas Na+ and Cl are typically found in higher concentrations outside the cell.
An action potential has three phases: depolarization, overshoot, repolarization. There are two more states of the membrane potential related to the action potential. The first one is hypopolarization which precedes the depolarization, while the second one is hyperpolarization, which follows the repolarization.
Generation of Action Potentials
During the resting state, the membrane potential arises because the membrane is predominantly permeable to K+. An action potential begins at the axon hillock as a result of depolarisation. During depolarisation, voltage-gated sodium ion channels open due to an electrical stimulus. As the sodium ions rush back into the cell, their positive charge changes potential inside the cell from negative to more positive.
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