What is Marxism? What are Karl Marx's Political Prophecies?
If we want to understand today's economic world, we cannot ignore Karl Marx and Marxism, which may have had the greatest impact on the shaping of this world. In this video, the life of Karl Marx as a whole (exile from Germany, communist manifesto
, Frederick Engels) and Marxism (freedom problem, understanding of God, revolution, surplus value, infrastructure and superstructure, alienation, etc.).
Marxism is an economic and political program as well as a worldview with both practical and application areas that focus on the problems of human, history, politics, God, nature, politics and society. Marxism emerged at a time when brutal capitalism reigned and became a worldview by attempting to address the problems and contradictions of this age.
For most anti-Marxists, Marxism means the Soviet regime, the Mao administration in China, or the political system that North Korea used until the 90s. But, according to some thinkers, the fear of Marxism restrained savage capitalism and contributed to the emergence of the social state.
The basic philosophy of Marxism is dialectical materialism. I will not explain dialectical materialism here in my video on what other materialism is. But it must be said here that Marxism looks at human existence, unlike classical materialism.
There are two types of ownership on the means of production; private and collective ownership. If the means of production are in the hands of certain people in society, this is called private ownership. In societies where this property is dominant, there are various classes, including power and those who submit to it.
If society has common ownership over the means of production, it is called collective ownership.
There is no need for a state in these societies. According to Marxism, the dominant forms of production in a society determine the social structure of that society. According to Marxism, the first form of society in history is primitive communal societies. The second form of society is slave society. According to Marxism, another form of society is feudal society. The bourgeoisie, which began to emerge in the feudal system, showed that capitalism would be born. The bourgeoisie rebelled against the feudal order and capitalism emerged with a revolution. According to Marxism, after the collapse of capitalism, Communism, the last form of society, without classes based on exploitation, will come. But before entering this system, there will be an intermediate period of socialist revolutions.
According to Marxism, the main determinant role in shaping social relations and shaping a society is the mode of production of that society, which is the infrastructure. The mode of production or economic relations of a society shapes the superstructure of that society: religion, morality, law, tradition, tradition, science, art and philosophy. When the infrastructure of societies changes, it undergoes a change in the superstructure.
One of the most important concepts of Marxism philosophy is alienation. According to Marx, alienation is a problem of freedom. In the capitalist production system, the worker sells his labor to the employer for a certain wage. According to Marxism, the worker has no right to the products he produces. Because these products are now the property of the owner of the capital. In this case, the worker is alienated from the labor he produces and consumes.
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