Python is not only a 'scripting language' but a full fledged computer programming language with powerful and complete libraries (modules) and a very clear and readable syntax
It is therefore easy to learn and use in a great variety of applications ( such as for 'rapid prototyping' etc)
In Blender 3D's context,Python can be used for writing scripts that can (among other things) vary from scripts for automating some tedious repetitive tasks up to full fledged addons that extend its functionality
In this video tutorial I'm trying to present a friendly introduction to Python as an non-Blender-specific computer programming language