What is Stress in Engineering?
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00:00 Introduction
00:37 What is stress in Engineering?
01:08 Formula for Stress
01:49 Different forms of Stress
02:36 Compressive and Tensile Stresses
03:05 Beam Bending
03:48 Shear Stress
04:28 Principal Stresses
05:13 Beam Deflection Example Problem
05:50 Pressure Vessel Example
07:33 Commonly used formulas for Stress
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If you’re an engineer you absolutely need to know what is stress in engineering. Stress is a fundamental phenomenon that many mechanical, electrical, and civil systems are subject to.
As an engineer you will be designing systems, and these systems will undergo stress. It is your job as an engineer to make sure that the parts and systems you design can handle these stresses.
The formula for stress is represented by a force over a unit area.
In engineering there are many different forms of stress for different applications.
Different forms of engineering stress consist of those such as:
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
Planar Stress
Principal Stresses
Compressive Stresses
Tensile Stress
We’ll break down what some of the basic forms of these stresses are so that you can understand.
Physically speaking, the stress is the reaction that you see based on the force upon that certain area.
The most basic form of stress to understand is uniaxial stress.
An example of this would be a force P acting upon a bar with cross sectional area A.
Compressive Stresses
Compressive stresses are what happens when an object undergoes a force such as crushing or squeezing.
Tensile Stresses
Tensile stresses are what occur when an object undergoes a force such as pulling or stretching.
Beam Bending
Beams are a very important component in engineering, as a result, it is important to analyze them.
When a beam is bent by loading, a bending Moment M will occur as a result of that initial loading.
What is shear stress?
The shear stress of an object is represented by the stresses on an object’s shear plane:
Shear Stresses in Beams
A common application we look at in engineering regarding shear stresses are beams.
When beams are bent by transverse loads, we usually see a bending moment M as we have discussed above, and a shear force V acting upon that respective cross section.
Engineering systems are subject to multiple types of stresses, so as a result we need to take various forms of them in our calculations.
What is planar stress?
Planar stresses represent stresses acting upon any plane of an object such as a beam, sphere, or shaft.
To simplify some of our engineering analysis, in the industry, we will take a cross section and perform an analysis on that specific cross section only. This is because it’s a much simpler means of analysis. Taking an analysis of the entire beam vs. a specific cross section will be lengthy and require the use of analysis software.
It is important to remember that when you are designing or analyzing as an engineer, that you are using the most economical tools and solutions.
(Engineers work for companies and the main goal of these companies are to make profits and boost shareholder revenue)
Refer back to the normal stresses section of this page for a visual on planar stresses.
What are principal stresses?
Principal stresses represent the maximum or minimum stresses subject to a body.
