The Pool of Arches in Ramla (Israel) - 8th Century underground water reservoir.

Опубликовано: 21 Сентябрь 2022
на канале: The Holy Land, by Zahi Shaked

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Arab period – Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 A.D.)
The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates, who ruled the Muslim empire in years 661-750. The Umayyad governor of the Palestine district, Sulayman ibn Abu al-Malik, selected a site in the sands west of Lod/Lydda to serve as the administration center of the Arab “Jund Filastin” (military district of Palestine), one of the five districts in the Syrian (Ash-Sham) province of the empire. It was strategically located along the major crossroads, and yet far enough from the Byzantine naval raids. The new city, established in ~715 AD, was named “Er Ramleh”, meaning: “Sandy”, as the city grew in the sands. Soon enough the new city was flourishing, replacing Lod as the commercial and administration center. Sulayman remained in the newly founded city even after he became the Caliph (ruled 715-717).

However, grand engineering solutions were required in order to provide a sufficient water supply, at a place where there were few natural solutions. Initially, cisterns and deep wells were used. To fundamentally resolve the city’s water supply needs, Sulayman built a long aqueduct in order to bring the waters from a group of springs located 12 KM south east of the city. These springs are located near Tel Gezer and the Ottoman village of Abu-Shusheh.

Arab period – Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258, 1261-1517 A.D.)

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the four major Islamic caliphates, who ruled the Muslim empire in years 750-1258. and 1261-1517.

A large underground water reservoir, named today as the Arches Pool, was constructed and completed in the year 789. It received the waters of the aqueduct, as well as being fed from rainfall, serving the growing needs of the population in the new city. An inscription in the entrance wall names Harun al-Rashid, the fifth caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, as the ruler who instructed to build this amazing structure. Al-Rashid (“the Just”) ruled in Baghdad from 786 to 809, during the peak of the Islamic golden period, and is known to have inspired the tales of the famous Arabian Nights (1001 nights).

The aqueduct was in use for 150 years. After then, the major flow to the pool of arches was suspended, and it dried out. As a result of the great earthquake of 1068 in the southern part of Israel, the city was severely damaged and subsequently the city’s area has decreased in size. This left the pool outside the city limits and neglected until modern days.